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Workout Schedule often, how long and how
hard you exercise, and what
kinds of exercises you do should be determined by what you are trying to accomplish. Your goals, your present fitness level, age, health, skills, interest and convenience are among the factors you should consider. For example, an athlete training for high-level competition would follow a different program than a person whose goals are good
health and the ability to meet work and recreational needs.
Your exercise program should include something from each of the four basic fitness components described
previously. Each workout should begin with a warm-up and end with a cool-down. As a general rule, space
your workouts throughout the week and avoid consecutive days of hard exercise.
Here are the amounts of activity necessary for the average
healthy person to maintain a minimum level of
overall fitness. Included are some of the popular exercises for each category.
Warm-up - 5-10 minutes of exercise such as walking, slow jogging, knee lifts, arm circles or trunk rotations.
Low intensity movements that simulate movements to be used in the activity can also be included in the
warm-up.
Muscular Strength - a minimum of two 20-minute sessions per week that include exercises for all the
major muscle groups. Lifting weights is the most effective way to increase strength.
Muscular Endurance - at least three 30-minute sessions each week that include exercises such as aerobics,
pushups, situps, pullups, and weight training for all the major muscle groups.
Cardiorespiratory Endurance - at least three 20-minute bouts of continuous aerobic (activity requiring
oxygen) rhythmic exercise each week. Popular aerobic conditioning activities include brisk walking, jogging,
swimming, cycling, rope-jumping, rowing, cross-country skiing, and some continuous action games like
racquetball and handball.
Flexibility - 10-12 minutes of daily stretching exercises performed slowly, without a bouncing motion. This
can be included after a warmup or during a cooldown.
Cool Down - a minimum of 5-10 minutes of slow walking, low-level exercise, combined with stretching.
Some activities can be used to fulfill more than one of your basic exercise requirements. For example, in
addition to increasing cardiorespiratory endurance, running builds muscular endurance in the legs, and
swimming develops the arm, shoulder and chest muscles. If you select the proper activities, it is possible to
fit parts of your muscular endurance workout into your cardiorespiratory workout and save time.
Clothing
All exercise clothing should be loose-fitting to permit freedom of movement and should make the wearer
feel comfortable and self-assured.
As a general rule, you should wear lighter clothes than temperatures might indicate. Exercise generates great
amounts of body heat. Light-colored clothing that reflects the sun’s rays is cooler in the summer, and dark
clothes are warmer in winter. When the weather is very cold, it’s better to wear several layers of light
clothing than one or two heavy layers. The extra layers help trap heat, and it’s easy to shed one of them if
you become too warm.
Never wear rubberized or plastic clothing, such garments interfere with the evaporation of perspiration and
can cause body temperature to rise to dangerous levels. The most important item of equipment for the
runner is a pair of sturdy, properly-fitting running shoes.
When to Exercise
Among the factors you should consider in developing your workout schedule are personal preference, job
and family responsibilities, availability of exercise facilities and weather. It’s important to schedule your
workouts for a time when there is little chance that you will have to cancel or interrupt them because of
other demands on your time.
You should not exercise strenuously during extremely hot, humid weather or within two hours after eating.
Heat and/or digestion both make heavy demands on the circulatory system, and in combination with
exercise can be an overtaxing double load.
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